Pergolas and gazebos
A shade structure turns a patio into an outdoor room. These guides help you pick the right type, size it to your space and choose a kit that will last.
Compare structures
- Pergola vs arbor vs trellis: what's the difference?Three garden structures compared by size, purpose and the plants they support.
- Pergola vs gazebo: what's the difference, and which should you choose?Open rafters or a solid roof: shade, rain cover, placement and cost compared.
How to choose a shade structure
Start with what you want the structure to do. A pergola is a framework of posts, beams and open rafters. It gives filtered shade, frames a space and supports climbing plants or a fabric canopy. A gazebo has a solid roof, so it keeps off rain as well as sun, and it usually stands on its own away from the house.
Next, decide whether the structure attaches to the house or stands free. An attached pergola extends the living space from a back door and needs a solid ledger connection. A freestanding pergola or gazebo can go anywhere level, including over a hot tub or at the far end of a garden as a destination.
Material sets the maintenance. Cedar and redwood look warm and weather naturally but need sealing or staining over time. Pressure-treated pine costs less and is usually painted or stained. Aluminum and powder-coated steel need almost no upkeep and are the usual choice for louvered roofs, where adjustable slats let you switch between open sky and full cover. Vinyl resists rot and does not need painting.
Finally, check the rules before you buy. Many towns and homeowners associations have rules on the size, height and setback of backyard structures, and some require a permit, especially for attached structures or anything with a solid roof. A quick call to your local building department saves a costly change later.
Size it to the furniture, not the patio
Lay out the furniture you plan to use, then add walking space around it. A dining table for six needs more room than most people expect once chairs are pulled back. Measure the furniture footprint plus clearance on every side, and choose a structure at least that big. If the structure will cover a grill, keep the grill clear of any fabric or low roof and follow the grill maker's clearance guidance.